Building construction.



.J. D. BIVjES. BUILDING cons'rnuo'non.

AHLIOATIOI "LSD 218.16 1912. 1,037,321. Patented Sept 3, 1912.

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J. n. mvrzs. BUILDING CONSTRUCTION.

APPLIOA'HOI IXLSD L18, 1912.

1,037,321. Patented Sept. 3, 1912.

I SHEETS-SHEET I.

amount UNITED STATES PATEN T OFFICE.

JAMES D. RIVES, OF ATLANTA, GEORGIA. ASSIGNOR OF ONE-FOURTH 'IO J. W.BLOSSER, OF ATLANTA, GEORGIA.

BUILDING CONSTRUCTION.

Specification of Letters rstent.

Patented Sept. 3,1912.

To all whom. it may concern Be it known that I, JAMES D. Rrvns, a.citizen of the United States, residin at Atlanta, in the county ofFulton and tate of Georgia, have invented certain new and usefulImprovements in Building Construction, of which the following is aspecification.

The present invention relates to building constructions and particularlyto an improved frame building provided with an exterior coating orveneer of concrete or other plastic material.

An important object of my invention is to provide a structure of theabove mentioned character, which will be to a high degree proof againstweather conditions, largely re resistant, and which can be cheaplyconstructed.

In accordance with m invention I provide a hollow wall inclu ing aninner open frame-work. Upon the inner face of this frame-work are lacedfurring strips, to which are secured laths. These laths are covered witha coatin of plastering. Upon the outer face of the rame-work are securedboards formin a sheathing, which is preferably provide upon its exteriorface with a section of water-proof paper or like material. Secured inspaced relation to the outer face of the sheati work of reinforcingwiresu I provide-.am chor-wires, preferab y disposed in the meshopenings of the wire netting. Thesoanchor wires are secured to theboards b staples m the like, which also serve tohol the wator-proofpaper'in place upon the sheathing or boards. a y

In practice I have found'it advantageous to extend the end portions ofthe anchorwires through the mesh-openings of-ths're-.

inforcing net-work, which prevents areas.

-work is disposed a sheathing placement ofthese anchor-wires when thesoftconcreteis poured about; them. The anchor-wires are of,desiredlengths'and are bent in-serpent-ine form so 'that they, will not; vbeiexposed by {extending beyond thei: outer; faceof 1 the coating ormeneerofcon-i' crete. -,-A moldiis placed at a suitable spaced? the desiredthickness ofithe Lcoat ngorveneer; of concrete tobe formed,andtheconcrete is;

ing or boards is a netupper end.w1th'a.hor1zontal plate 8. A sepouredinto the space formed by the mold and the sheathing. The concrete isallowed to harden and the mold is subsequently removed. B myconstruction a hollow wall is provide comprising an open interiorframe-work su porting relatively thin spaced outer wal s of plastic orcementitious material. Air is permit-ted to circulate or is circulatedthrough the opening in the hollow wall, such air keeping the variousportions of the wall dry.

In the accompanying drawings forming a part of this specification and inwhich like numerals are employed to designate like parts throughout thesame, Figure 1 is a perspective view of a portion of my improvedbuilding construct-ion or wall, with parts progresslvelv broken awa tomore clearly show details of construction, Fig. 2 is a transversevertical sect-ionat view throu h the completed wall, Fig. 3 is ahorizonta cross-sectlonal view throu h the comleted wall taken at onecorner t ereof, and, ig. 4 is a perspective view of one of theanchor-wires.

In the drawin .wherein for the puroses of illustration, I have shown apreferred embodiment of an invention, the numeral 1 designates a sil ofan u )standin open intermediate frame-work. teach 011% of this sill is apost 2, connected at its curing strip 8 is attached to the post 2 andconnectedmidway its ends with a purlin 4. Upon the inner face of theopen frame-work are secured upstanding furring strips 5, connected atthe ends thereof with the sill 1 and theplateB, as shown. Upon thesefurring strips are secured laths 6 preferably horially arranged. .Theselaths serve to suport and hold an inner coating of plastering :EUpontheouter face of the open frameformed of boards 8, preferabl verticallydisposed and secured to the sill the purlin 4, and plate-.8",by..nsils..or other means. Disposed upon the;outeriface. of thissheathing is a sheet of ji tvater-proofji material 9, preferablywaterroofpaper commonly termed tarred felt. g ecured; upondheaboar'ds 8are horizontal fandvertical spacing strips 10 and 11. The'.--horizontal;spacing strips 10 extend the entire length of the walland are laced ad'acent the upper and lower ends t iereofm he verticalspacing strips 11 are always placed at the corners of the wall and aboutopenings for doors and windows (not shown).

The numerals 12 and 18 designate vertical and horizontal reinforcingwires of an open fabric or net-work. The vertical wires 12 are attachedat their ends to the boards 8 and extending over or about the horizontalstrips 10 are held in spaced relation from the sheet 9. The horizontalreinforcing wires 13 are attached at their ends with'the boards 8 andextending about the vertical strips 11 are held in spaced relation tothe sheet 9. It is thus seen that this open fabric or net-work formed ofthe reinforcing wires is securely attached to the boards 8 and retainedspaced therefrom. Preferably disposed within the mesh openings'of thewire net-work are anchor-wires 14, which are at tached to the boards 8by sta les 15 or other means. These staples in a dition to connectingthe anchor-wires with the boards 8 also serve to connect the sheet 9with suc boards. The anchor-wires 14 are bent into vermiform orserpentine shape, as shown; and they ma be thus bent prior to beingsecured in pace or secured m- 'place while straight anc subsequentlybentto a desired.- curvature. Care is takenthat the turns, twists orkinks produced should extend lat-j orally in waves between the sheet 9and; the outer surface of a coating or veneer 164 It is desirable thatthe anchor-wires 14g should extend diagonally toward and from the boards8, thus also orming waving re-;

.inforcing lines longitudinally and'per en-a dicularly and in as mandiverse directionsl as may be convenient. ese anchor-wiresl reinforcelaterally, the outer coating or veneer of concrete 16', and also serveto-f anchor or attach such coating to the bOtildSt 8. The anchor-wires14 are interwoven; more or less with thev reiriforeingwires -12l and 18and. project through the mesh-open-i ings so as to euga c with thewires12and; 13, in order that t on free ends may not be displacedby-thedesce'ndin stream of eon-l crete, which is employed to orm thecoating 16. The'vertical and ihorizontal-zWires 12$ and 13 extendthroughand are embedded 'ini the longitudinal central axisofthec'oncretel coatin 16 and'serve to reinforce thesame! vertica lyandlongitudinallyr tilnjadditioni to the'sbove name functionbftheanchor-t wres 14, they cctipe rate with' the wires 1% and 13 and aid themin-reinfcmin'g the'concrete coating 16. 'This"jointk,act1on of'thinvention as (natty 3 'th l- 'produceif results that could not; 0 hadivy-"t e employmentg'ot' elther not "alone." 5:ll1'e Y anchor-wires. 11'remfor'ce the coating 16' horizontally aad'per pendieularly anchor orbind it to the sheathmgof boards 8, and bein deflected outwardly fromtheir points 0 attachment on the sheathin I and again inwardly towardthe ,sheathing, tliey bind the inner and outer ;longitudmal halves ofthe coating 16, so as to prevent any cleavage of the same alongthe'medial line, wherein are disposed the -reinforcing wires 12 and 13.This concrete ,eoating or veneer is formed by placin a face' mold 18forwardly of and suita ly s need from the sheet 9, depending upon t edesired thickness of the coating 16 to be obtained.

The concrete is of a proper consistency so that it may be freely pouredbetween the mold 18 and the sheet 9. It is thus seen that thereinforcing wires 12 and 13 and the anchor-wires 1-1 will all becomesecurely embedded in the material of the coating or veneer 16. The wires12, 13 and 14 being Ispaced as shown, form anopen structure, whichallows of the free feeding of the soft. concrete into place, suchconcrete entirely h, surrounding the wires, forming no pockets -menta-lto many metal reinforced concrete walls. As soon as the veneer orcoating of concrete 16 has'sufliciently hardened, the 'face meld 18 israised an appropriate distance and; more cement poured in and allowed tosetand harden. This process is continued until tho'wall' orthe structureis completed.

It; is well known that concrete or cement structures are more or lesspervious to water. This is the case with a solid wall formed of concreteor the like and even with a hollow wall of such material, having a deadair space. It is thus seen that moisture would pass through the concretecoating 16 and alimately come in contact with or effect the sheathingformed of the boards 8. These boards would thus expand or contract withthe change in the weather conditions. The distortion of the boards 8 bythe expansion or contraction thereof will exert reat force ''upon thecoating 16 through t e anchor "w res 14-and other elements. Even if thereinforcing means of'this coating should hold, it' isobvious that thecoating as a 'wholeyvouldwork loose from the boards, and "hence"beeom'eliable to be cracked or otherwise damage'dr' In a hollow wall with a I HI Adeadair space, air in such space collects and reinforcing wires 12and/13 and the'anchen' wires 14'is a very importfint featureiollthiture, -besid'es"makingthe building cold and {holds the moisture whichdamages the struc- -dam i1." -.I-ov e'rcomo these disadvantages by rovdlngmeanl to cause a circulation of air n the .openingpftliehollow wall,whereby 'the variousparts o! the wall arekept dry.

and preventing corrosion which is so detri- 9 lllll To accomplish thisthe sill 1 is provided upon its outer face with a lower inlet airopening 1 havin communication with the atmosphere exterlorly of thebuildin The circulating or drying air entering t rou h the openin 1"asses upwardly through tie hollow Wu 1 and discharges throu h an outletopening 20 formed upon the p ate 3. It is thus seen that the heat fromthe interior of the building or room of which this wall forms a part,will heat the air within the opening of the hollow wall and cause thecontinuous circulation of the air through such hollow wall, the airentering throu h the opening 1" and discharging through tie openin 20,as above stated. This c1rcula-- tion of the air is free and in alldirections, both vertical and horizontal. In this connection particularattention is called to the arrangement of the purlin 4 and strip 5, asshown. The purlin 4 is spaced from the plasterin 7, which allows of thefree passage of the circulating air therebetween m a vertical direction.The strip 5 is spaced from the boards 8 and allows of the freehorizontal circulation of the air therebetween. I have found that thismeans of circulating air through the hollow wall operates satisfactorilyto keep the different parts of the wall dry. I have found itadvantageous under certain conditions to feed heated air into the openin1", from a hot air furnace (not shown). t is obvious that such heatedair will circulate through the hollow wall and be discharged throughtheopening 20. If desired, suitable openings (not shown) may be madethrough the plastering 7 whereby some of the heated air circulating inthe hollow wall may pass into the room to warm the same. It is thus seenthat I provide a wall simulating a solid stone or concrete wall, butbeing free from any of their disadvantages. and possessing superiorunlit-ice. My wall may be made for a. frac ion of the cost, ismoisture-proof to a high dc rec, almost as durable, quicker.

to erect, an is strong and neat in appearance.

It is to be understood that the form of my invention herewith shown anddescribed is to be taken as a preferred example of the same and thatnumerous changes in the arrangement of parts may be resorted'to withoutdeparting from the s irit of the invention or the scope of the su joinedclaims.

Having thus described my invention, I claim 1. In a buildingconstruction, a hollow wall comprising an upstanding wooden main frame,sheathing boards secured upon the outer face of the main frame in closerelation to each other, an open wire fabric havin its edges securelyattached to the sheathing boards, a plastic wall en aging the outersurface of the sheathing oards and having the open wire fabric embeddedtherein, anchorwires bent in serpentine form and correspondingapproximately in number to the mesh openings of the wire fabric, thefree end portions of the anchorwires being embedded transversely in theplastic wall, and elements attaching the anchor wires between their endswith the sheathing boards, whereby the plastic wall is connected withthe sheathing boards uniformly throughout its entire area.

2. The combination with a supporting structure, of a plastic wall, areinforcing open metal fabric embedded axially in the plastic wall andattached to the supporting structure, and anchorwires attached betweentheir ends to the supporting structure and having their end ortions bentin serpentine forms to exten in divers directions m the plastic wall,the anchor-wires co-acting with the open metal fabric to reinforce theplastic wall in all directions.

8. The combination with an upstanding supporting structure, of a plasticwall disposed adjacent one side thereof, a reinforcmg open metal fabricembedded in the plastic wall to extend longitudinally thereof, andanchor-wires securely attached to the supporting structure and havingtheir free end portions bent in serpentine form to extend in diverstransverse directions in the wall, to cooperate with the open metalfabric for reinforcing the plastic wall in all directions.

' In testimony whereof I aiilx my signature in presence of twowitnesses.

JAMES D. RIVES.

Witnesses:

H. W. Dnws, R. 0. Eva.

00 m ot'thil patent may be obtained for the cents each, by uldreutn: theCommissioner of Patents,

. Washington, D. 0.

